Leccion de Present Perfect en ingles clase de gramatica

Aprendiendo en Internet/ El Present Perfecto – LECCION 26 GRAMATICA / GRAMMAR
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Today is the last grammar lesson of the basic/elementary course. We are going to study the present perfect  tense. Remember that it is very important to practice and to review.

¿Como se forma el present perfect?¿Cuando utilizamos el present perfect?Hoy es nuestra última lección gramatical del curso básico/elemental. Vamos a presentar la lección de present perfect en inglés. Recuerden que es importante practicar y repasar así que recomiendo que sigan la clase en audio y hagan los ejercicios al final de la lección

Before we start with this lesson where you are going to read the Present Perfect tense. Let’s remember the tenses that we have studied up to this point:

The Present Simple and Present Continuous

We have studied these two tenses before. These refer to the present tense but in different ways. The present simple is used to talk about actions that “usually” happen. These actions describe routines or habits. The present continuous is used to describe actions that are happening at the moment in which they are spoken.

Present Simple: For routines, habits and current information
– I usually get up at 6:00 am.
– Tom goes to the gym at weekends.
– Sarah has two children.

Present Continuous: for actions happening at the moment

– We are studying English at InglesTotal.
– I am not watching TV at the moment

** Como vimos estos 2 tiempos gramaticales que hemos estudiado antes (Present tense :LECCION 10 y Present Continuous:LECCION 8) Usan el nombre present ya que tienen una relacion con ella pero de manera distinta. El present tense se usa para describir una acción que sucede usualmente como una rutina en cambio el present continuous es utilizado para describir acciones que suceden en el momento en que se esta hablando. RECUERDEN QUE NO ES LO MISMO EN ESPAÑOL Y POR ELLO ES NECESARIO RESPETAR LAS REGLAS GRAMATICALES DEL IDIOMA QUE UNO APRENDE.

Leccion de Present Perfect Tense en INGLES

This tense has the name “Present” but it has many uses and it is sometimes confusing. Today we are going to study the first use which is for ‘EXPERIENCES”.

The Past Participle form of the verbs

To form the present perfect tense we need to learn a new form of the verb. This is called the past participle.

Regular verbs

When you want to form the past participle of regular verbs, it is the same as the past tense “played”where we add “ed” to the base form.

Examples:

CHART #1

Verb	Past form	Past Particple
Work	Worked	Worked
Talk	Talked	Talked
Study	Studied	Studied
Stay	Stayed	Stayed
Watch	Watched	watched

List of complete regular verbs (enlace con lista completa de verbos regulares):

http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/regular-verbs-list.htm

Irregular verbs

The irregular form of the verbs in past participle change and you have to learn them with practice.

CHART #2

Verb	Past form	Past Particple
be	Was/were	been
eat	ate	eaten
go	went	gone
buy	bought	bought
ride	Rode	ridden
write	wrote	written

List of complete irregular verbs (enlace con la lista completa de verbos irregulares):

http://www.usingenglish.com/reference/irregular-verbs/

The Present Perfect INGLES – STRUCTURE / SYNTAX

Positive form

SUBJECT + [HAVE / HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE] + COMPLEMENT

CHART #3

Subject	Auxiliary	Past Participle	Complement
I/we/you/they	have	been	to Brazil
He/She/It	has	Eaten	Sushi

Negative form

SUBJECT + [HAVEN’T / HASN’T + PAST PARTICIPLE] + COMPLEMENT

CHAR T#4

Subject	Auxiliary	Past Participle	Complement
I/we/you/they	haven’t	been	to Brazil
He/She/It	hasn’t	eaten	Sushi

Question form

Question word + [HAVE / HAS + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE] + COMPLEMENT

CHART #5

Question Word	Auxiliary	Subject	Past Participle	Complement
What countries	have	I/we/you/they	been	to?
———————	Has	He/she/it	eaten	Sushi?

Contractions:

He/she/it + has = he’s/she’s/it’s
I/we/you/they + have = I’ve/we’ve/you’ve/they’ve

Short Answers (Yes/no answers)

CHART #6

Positive	Negative
Yes, I/we/you/they have	No. I/we/you/they haven’t
Yes, he/she/it has	No, he/she/it hasn’t

USE of the Perfect Tense

In this class we are going to learn the first use of the present perfect. REMEMBER that there are other uses and we will study these in the pre-intermediate level.

We use the present perfect tense to talk about: AN INDEFINITE TIME IN THE PAST:  “EXPERIENCES“

When we want to talk about an experience we can use the present perfect tense. An “experience” is something that happened in the time but WE DO NOT KNOW WHEN. Let’s look at the chart.

CHART #7

To emphasize this use of the present perfect we use the word “ever”. More examples:

– Have you ever been to Peru?
In this question we are asking for information about his life experience. We DO NOT CARE or WANT TO KNOW WHEN. It is a question without a definite point in the past.

– I have been to Mexico three times.
We say that in our life we went to Mexico but we DO NOT SAY WHEN.

– Has Laura ever eaten Paella?
We want to know if Laura has eaten paella once in her life. WE DO NOT WANT TO KNOW WHEN.

*** ¿Cuando usamos el present perfect? El present perfect se usa para describir acciones que pasaron antes y sin decir cuando. Es un tiempo indefinido del pasado y se usa para expresar experiencias sin determinar el tiempo en que se dieron. Esto es muy util ya que la pueden usar para pedir informacion en general. “Ever” se utiliza para emfatizar este uso.

Present Perfect vs Past Simple

As we have seen, we can talk about the past with present perfect but we need to learn the differences with the past simple tense.

Present Perfect : Indefinite time in the past
Past Simple: Definite time in the past

Maria has been to Spain (Present Perfect: we do not know when)
Maria went to Spain last year (Past simple: A definite time “last year” other phrases: three days ago, last week, yesterday etc.)

*** Como sabemos, tambien podemos usar el past simple para hablar del pasado pero es cuando es un tiempo definido; es decir, un tiempo exacto. Ya en pre-intermedio ampiaremos este tema

Ejercicios y refuerzo:

Hacer los siguientes ejercicios (las respuestan estan en el audio)

Enlaces y links:

Muy buen enlace listo para imprimir que explica de otra forma el Present Perfect
http://www.headsupenglish.com/skillbuilders/grammar/presentperfectexperience.pdf

Ejercicios para practicar el present perfect
http://www.headsupenglish.com/skillbuilders/grammar/haveyoueverdrills.pdf

Apuntes del uso de “ever”
http://menuaingles.blogspot.com/2007/09/present-perfect-con-ever.html